Isle of Time
Taiwan Under the Qing Empire: Migration, Rebellion, and Modernization (1683–1895)

Imperial Frontier

30 Volumes

Vol. 1

Qing Incorporation

In 1683, Qing admiral Shi Lang defeated the remnants of the Zheng dynasty at the Battle of Penghu, b...

Vol. 2

Crossing the Black Ditch

In the late seventeenth century along the Fujian and Guangdong coast, deciding whether to cross to T...

Vol. 3

Dispatches from the Frontier Sea

By the final years of the Kangxi Emperor's reign, the Qing court was confronting an awkward truth: m...

Vol. 4

The Birth of Hsinchu

The Han Chinese settlement of Taiwan's western plains proceeded roughly from south to north, and the...

Vol. 5

The Babao Canal

The broad Changhua plain had deep, rich soil that should by rights have yielded abundant harvests, y...

Vol. 6

The Liugong Canal

The Taipei Basin had rich soil, but for most of the Qing era it could not realize its agricultural p...

Vol. 7

The Duck Lord's Revolt

In the early eighteenth century, southern Taiwan was a land filled with violence, resentment, and de...

Vol. 8

The Dajiaxi Uprising

Before the tide of Han migration swept across central Taiwan, this fertile plain was already the hom...

Vol. 9

The Land Brokers

The expansion of Han Chinese settlement across Taiwan's plains during the Qing era operated through ...

Vol. 10

Rebellions and Unrest

Qing-era Taiwan earned a reputation as one of the empire's most turbulent frontiers. The folk saying...

Vol. 11

How Chiayi Got Its Name

In mid-eighteenth-century central Taiwan, the migrants who had braved the deadly Black Ditch crossin...

Vol. 12

Wu Sha Opens the Kavalan Plain

Beyond the mountains of Taiwan's northeast lay a fertile expanse cradled between the Snow Mountains ...

Vol. 13

The Opening of Kavalan

The Kavalan plain — known in the Qing records as Jiazinanlai, today as Yilan — lay on the other side...

Vol. 14

King of the Black Flag

While the Luohanjiao on land battled the Qing with broadswords and blood, the Black Ditch — the stra...

Vol. 15

The Caogong Canal

The Fengshan plain south of present-day Kaohsiung had been under continuous Han Chinese cultivation ...

Vol. 16

Dazhongye and the Shrines

In mid-Qing Taiwan, whether walking the winding alleys of Tainan prefecture or the dusty plains of Z...

Vol. 17

The Golden Ports

In mid-eighteenth-century Taiwan, as the gunpowder smoke of rebellions and ancestral feuds slowly se...

Vol. 18

The Literati of Hsinchu

Among the cultural achievements of Qing-era Taiwan, the literary tradition that flourished in Zhudia...

Vol. 19

The Subgroup Feuds

For much of the Qing era, Taiwan was a young society of migrants from every quarter packed in togeth...

Vol. 20

Opening of Treaty Ports

Following the Second Opium War, the Treaty of Tianjin (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860) com...

Vol. 21

Observers at the Edge of Empire

The opening of Taiwan to foreign residence following the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858 coincided with t...

Vol. 22

The Medical Mission in Southern Taiwan

On a summer day in 1865, James Laidlaw Maxwell — known in Taiwan as Ma Yage — stepped ashore at the ...

Vol. 23

The Rover Incident

In the early spring of 1867, the monsoon winds and ocean currents of the Pacific converged upon the ...

Vol. 24

The Aboriginal Frontier

Throughout the Qing period, the relationship between Han settlers and Taiwan's indigenous peoples wa...

Vol. 25

Sovereignty of the Mountains

The encounter between Taiwan's indigenous peoples and Qing Chinese expansion did not have a single f...

Vol. 26

Opening the Mountains

The Mudan Incident of 1874 — in which Japanese forces landed in southern Taiwan on the pretext of pu...

Vol. 27

The Sino-French War in Taiwan

In 1884 a war fought far away over suzerainty and control of Vietnam suddenly washed up on Taiwan's ...

Vol. 28

Taiwan as a Province

In 1885, in the wake of the Sino-French War — during which French forces blockaded and bombarded Kee...

Vol. 29

The Last Generation of Gentry

The final two decades of Qing rule in Taiwan — the period between the inauguration of Liu Mingchuan'...

Vol. 30

First Steam Locomotive

At the close of the nineteenth century, the Qing Empire stood in the bleak autumn of its decline. Ye...